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Politeness
Educación 
polite (adj.)
educado
rude (adj.) grosero
caballero
gentle (adj.)
delicado
jerk (n.) estúpìdo bastard (n.) cabrón
manners (n.) maneras well-mannered (adj.) bien educado
  He's a jerk!
 Él es un estúpido
  Where are your manners? That's not very polite.
 ¿Dónde has aprendido eso? No es de buena educación.

Please convierte una orden en una petición educada.

  Please speak.
 Habla por favor.
  Please be kind.
 Por favor se amable.
  Please come.
 Ven por favor.

It's often better to ask someone to do something rather than to order them to do it. Could, in addition to being the past tense of can, is also used to make requests.

  Excuse me, could you say that again? I didn't understand.
 Perdone, ¿Qué ha dicho? No lo he entendido bien.
 
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Never mind.
-
 No importa.
  Could you teach me?
 ¿Podrías enseñarme?
  Could you assist me with my homework?
 ¿Podrías ayudarme con los deberes?
  Could you talk to George for me?
 ¿Podrías hablar con George por mi?
 
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Yes
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of course
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sure
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no problem
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maybe
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I might.
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I'll think about it.
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perhaps
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probably not
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no
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no way
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absolutely not
-
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desde luego
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claro
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no hay problema
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a lo mejor
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podría
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me lo pensaré.
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quizás
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probablemente no
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no
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de ninguna manera
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rotundamente no

Would, otro verbo auxiliar, se utiliza a menudo en lugar de could cuando se realizan peticiones.

  Would you open the door for me?
 ¿Podrías abrirme la puerta?
  Would you be my friend too?
 ¿Podrías ser tú mi amigo también?

También se utiliza para expresar preferencias y gustos.

  Would you like to learn French?
 ¿Te gustaría aprender francés?
  Would you prefer to live with Terry?
 ¿Preferirías vivir con Terry?
  She would like an apple.
 Ella querría una manzana.
  We would love to visit you.
 Nos encantaría visitarte.

May se utiliza para pedir permiso.

  May I speak with Jim?
 ¿Podría hablar con Jim?
Let's is used to suggest doing something along with another person or persons.

  Let's go!
 ¡Vamos!
  Let's talk to the professor.
 Vamos a hablar con el profesor.
  Lets' visit Mary.
 Vamos a visitar a Mary
permission permiso
let - let dejar - dejar
allow allow
permit permitir
  My parents don't allow me to go the mall by myself.
Mis padres no me permiten ir al centro comercial solo.
  Will you let me try?
¿Me dejarás intentarlo?
  I need to get permission first.
Necesito conseguir permiso primero.
mind importar
  Do you mind if I come?
¿Te importa si voy?
 
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No, I don't mind.
No, I don´t mind.
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I prefer you didn't.
I prefer you didn´t.