Optional 'pas'
When the following verbs are accompanied by an infinitive, 'pas' is optional.
| savoir: | Il ne sait (pas) conduire. He doesn't know how to drive. Il ne le sait pas. (pas is necessary) |
|
| oser: | Je n'ose (pas) parler. I don't dare speak. |
|
| pouvoir: | Nous ne pouvons (pas) aller. We can't go. Je ne peux pas.(pas
is necessary) |
|
| cesser: | Il ne cesse (pas) de parler. He doesn't stop talking. |